Horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in Australian manufacturing: does trade liberalization have any impact? 论贸易自由化对澳大利亚制造业中的横向、纵向行业内交易的影响?
The result indicates that foreign direct investment improves the level of China's intra-industry trade and vertical intra-industry trade, but the influence of inward foreign direct investment on horizontal intra-industry trade is not notable. 结果表明,外商直接投资对我国垂直型产业内贸易有积极的促进作用,而对我国水平型产业内贸易的影响不显著。
Through the more international more lateral comparison of service trade, service trade to compete force horizontal far backward developed country actually. Service trade TC index is most of and long& term to undertake value, and between each profession, TC index discrepancy is big. 通过服务贸易的国际横向比较,服务贸易TC指数大部分长期为负值,且各行业之间TC指数差异大,我国服务贸易竞争力水平远远落后于发达国家。
After dividing the IIT, analyzing the factors of Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade. 细分我国产业内贸易,进一步研究水平差异产品和垂直差异产品产业内贸易的影响因素;
Industrial Clusters are the aggregation of a lot of enterprises which locate at the same zone in geography 、 relate each other in vertical and horizontal business and obey the market rules in trade mechanism. 产业集群是指地理上相对集中的、业务上横向相关或纵向相关的、交易机制上遵循市场法则的多个企业集聚体。
For helping to understand deeply the impact of China's entering WTO on its domestic market, this paper applied the theory of game and differential technology to analyze the social effects of trade policies 'adjustment and horizontal mergers under different trade modes in open economy environment. 为了深入了解我国加入WTO对国内市场的冲击,在开放经济环境中利用对策论和微分技术手段,分析了贸易政策的调整和在不同贸易模式下的横向兼并对多方经济利益的影响。
Intra-industry trade can be divided into the vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade. 产业内贸易可以分为水平产业内贸易和垂直产业内贸易。
The intra-industry trade between China and Singapore is vertical intra-industry trade instead of horizontal intra-industry trade. 中新的产业内贸易并不是基于水平分工的产业内贸易,而是基于垂直分工的产业内贸易。
The pattern of intra-industry trade between China and Japan presents the situation of giving the first place to intra-industry trade of low quality, the second place to that of high quality, and the last place to horizontal intra-industry trade. 中日制造业产业内贸易类型细分呈现出以低质量产业内贸易为主、高质量产业内贸易次之、水平型产业内贸易比重最低的格局。
Based on this, we draw a conclusion that horizontal trade leads a more important position in the trade in despite of vertical Intra-Industry occupying a large proportion. 得出了中韩贸易的主要形式为产业内贸易,且在产业内贸易内部,垂直型贸易比例较大,水平型贸易份额逐步上升的基本结论。
Horizontal Merger and International Trade 企业间的横向合并与国际贸易
Noting the volume of trade between China and Japan and between China and Singapore, it holds that China and other developing countries should improve the trade level in the existing horizontal intra-industry industry and extend the scope and depth of trade. 分析和计量中日和中新的产业内贸易额,中国与发展中国家之间应提高现有的水平型产业内贸易水平,贸易的广度与深度都应拓展。
Using the parallel thinning and horizontal average thinning algorithm based on the variable template in image processing, it is well solved the trade off between thinning speed and precision. 图像的快速采集和处理,在图像处理中采用了可变模板的并行细化算法、水平中值算法和重心算法提取光刀中心,较好地解决了提取速度和精度之间的矛盾;
Then the realistic level of Sichuan tourism service trade is analyzed by TC and RCA index. Horizontal anlysis of tourism service trade level among Sichuan and other provinces is made by fast cluster. 其次运用TC指数和RCA指数等指标分析四川旅游服务贸易的现实水平,并采用快速聚类法将四川和全国其他省市的旅游服务贸易水平做了横向对比。
The traditional theory of Comparative Advantage is considered as only explaining the inter-industry vertical trade that commonly exists between developed countries and developing countries. The intra-industry horizontal trade that mainly takes place within developed countries is thought to be explained by the New Trade Theory. 传统的比较优势理论被认为只能解释通常发生在发达国家与发展中国家之间的产业间垂直分工和贸易,而主要在发达国家之间进行的产业内水平分工和贸易则需要用新贸易理论来说明。
Due to the universality of anti-dumping action, as well as the technical feasibility of anti-dumping legislation, it is easier to conduct a horizontal comparative study of anti-dumping in the field of international trade law. 由于反倾销诉讼在国际贸易领域的普遍性和反倾销立法的技术操作性,容易对国际贸易法上反倾销领域的法律用语进行横向对比研究。
The basic clew of system building for basin water right allocation is suggested as grade in vertical orientation and classification in horizontal direction. A systematic research on basin water right trade and its market was carried out. 提出的流域水权配置体系建设的基本思路为:纵向分级、横向分类。
In the industry-specific scope, chemical products is mainly two-way trade with significant degree of horizontal IIT while textiles is the only sector that totally occupied by one-way trade from China to EU. Both machinery and electrical equipments are dominated by vertical IIT. 从产业层次上来看,化工产品主要是水平产业内贸易,而纺织品则主要是从中国到欧盟的单向贸易;机械和电子设备则主要是垂直产业内贸易。
By horizontal merger companies of Xinjiang tomato industry will gain the economic scale efficient, and by vertical merger or vertical integration they can set up their own martial base, they can enter the area of trade of tomato products also. 横向购并可以使新疆番茄产业的企业取得规模经济,纵向兼并或纵向一体化可以使新疆番茄产业的企业建立起自己的原料基地并进入销售领域。
Taking into account when making horizontal comparison research on the Inter-regional trade in services competitiveness, we should remove the impact brought by different development stages as different regions have different economic development stages. 考虑到在进行地区间服务贸易竞争力的横向比较研究时,不同地区所处的经济发展阶段是不同的,必须剔除不同发展阶段所带来的影响,横向比较才有实际意义。
Per capita income has a negative influence on horizontal intra-industry trade while expansion of gap between them will improve it. 人均收入对水平型产业内贸易呈现负向影响,人均收入差异扩大对其有促进作用但影响关系不显著。
Increased trade openness will promote the entire and horizontal intra-industry trade between the two countries. 贸易开放度的增大会促进两国总体和水平型产业内贸易的发展。
Therefore, the introduction of the horizontal multinational firms makes disperse spatial distribution of the firms stable within a large range of the transport costs by decreasing the range of trade costs for which the core-periphery outcome occurs. 因此,水平跨国厂商的引入通过减小中心-外围均衡结果出现的贸易成本的范围,使厂商分散的空间分布在很大的运输成本范围内是稳定的均衡。